Anal gland disease is a common problem among dogs and cats (especially dogs). The glands can become impacted and can lead to abscess formation.
What are Anal Glands?
The anal glands are small sacs that lie inside the anal opening of the pet, with ducts leading to the exterior. The anal sac lining contains modified sebaceous glands (skin glands) that excrete a foul-smelling secretion.
In normal cases the anal sacs are gently squeezed each time the animal defecates. This secretion, a clear or creamy color is squeezed onto the faeces and acts as a territory marker, not unlike urine, and it is why dogs love to sniff other dogs' deposits when they are out and about.
What is Anal Gland Disease?
Sometimes the ducts of the anal glands can become blocked. If the anal gland ducts are not being squeezed during defecation, and therefore not being emptied, the contents of the ducts becomes dry and firm. This causes anal gland swelling and can lead to an abscess. Anal gland abscesses usually burst which is painful for the animal. Even impacted anal glands can cause much discomfort and pain.
Signs of Anal Gland Impaction
- Irritation to the area
- Swelling or redness
- Pet will bite at the area or keep looking at its bottom
- Pet (dog in particular) will scoot along on its bottom (this can also be a symptom of intestinal worms)
- In serious cases, the pet can become depressed
Treatment for Anal Gland Disease
If this is a recurring problem adding bran to the diet may help to bulk up the faeces so as to gently squeeze the anal glands. Regular exercise is also recommended as this may help tone the area. Veterinary treatment should be sought so that the anal glands can be manually squeezed. The veterinarian will squeeze the anal glands to expel the contents. In cases where an abscess has formed and burst the hair (if any) around the area may be clipped and the wound washed. It is not unusual for antibiotics to be prescribed to control infection or flushing of the anal sacs with an antibiotic solution may occur at the time of consultation.
In persistent cases, surgery may be required where the anal sacs are removed under general anaesthetic. As with any surgery complications can arise and there is a risk of incontinence after this surgery. Owners should seek veterinary advice if they suspect their pet has anal gland impaction.
Roberta Goli - Roberta has a Bachelor of Science Degree (Zoology), has worked with animals for over 10 years and enjoys writing short stories and flash ...
